Keeping a Research Journal
You have probably been told by several people to keep a daily journal of your overseas experience. Start now - before you leave - and continue the journal for several months after your return. This will provide you with an opportunity to have the whole experience recorded, and to think of the education abroad experience not just in terms of your time in another culture, but rather as a process of learning that does not have a specific entry or exit point. The process begins well before you get on the plane and extends well beyond your return through US customs! Few have regretted keeping a journal - however, many have regretted not doing it. All accounts reveal: a disciplined journal-keeper gains more from his or her efforts than ever anticipated.
There seems to be very little written on how to keep a journal and journal-keeping, even though writing a daily account is a fairly common activity. It spans from the most intimate notes of people, including their dreams and wildest fantasies; to recording of research observations of anthropologists; the activity logs of astronauts and sea captains; the scientific field journals of natural scientists; or the automated recordings of flight recorders. What they all have in common is that they document something for posterity. Yet, a research journal kept by a person has some additional purposes, and none of them is more important than the other, for they interact with each other like the instruments in a band of an orchestra. We stress the term research journal because this denotes an important difference from a personal journal or diary.
What a Journal Will Do:
- it is a tool of reference where you find all the information or the sources of information you have collected during your travels
- it is a tool for reflecting, thinking and articulating
- it is a place to process information and consider its relevance
- it is a place to record your perspective on different topics
- it is a place to experiment with ideas, writing and recording
- it helps to build confidence by allowing you to learn how to set your thoughts and the information you gather into a broader perspective
- it is a place that helps you to articulate frustrations and successes so that you can utilize both or either of them to your advantage
- it is something you submit for academic credit as a record/document of your sojourn
What a Journal is NOT and DOES NOT:
- IT IS NOT a diary of personal and intimate encounters, thoughts, fantasies, dreams
- IT IS NOT a minute log of daily activities
- IT IS NOT a rambling stream of consciousness and can not be done hastily
- IT DOES NOT substitute poor study habits, sloppy thinking, and lackluster participation
- IT DOES NOT replace editing and polishing thoughts and ideas into a consistent narrative
Hints on Selecting Your Approach to Keeping a Journal
There are four traditional modes of discourse that you can use individually or in combination in your journal:
- description - to describe, define, delineate, reveal, picture, show, list, trace, outline
- narration - to narrate, tell a story, give an account, report an action
- exposition - to analyze, detail, explain, explicate, interpret
- argumentation - to argue, test, evaluate
If your journal will be read by others, the readers' interests will be piqued if you:
- Write in the same fashion as you would in a letter to a close friend.
- provide a context for the stories and descriptions you relate
- include specific names of things you discover in your new environment
- provide translations of the indigenous words you include, use adjectives and adverbs to increase the descriptive quality of the text to tell stories, and use quotes from the people you meet
Some Questions for Your Consideration When Writing Your Journal
The following questions are meant to help you reflect on the process of exploring the implications of moving across cultures, how to be effective in another culture, and how to learn about that culture.
- Before leaving...
- What do I want to get out of this experience?
- If I expect to make friends from the culture, how can I go about doing this?
- If I expect to improve my language skills, will I have to separate myself from other English speakers - including travel partners - to do this?
- If I have to do a project, are my objectives realistic?
- Why did I select the program I did?
- Does it matter to which country I go?
- Am I concerned about missing friends, family, significant other(s)?
- How do I plan to stay in touch with them?
- What is "culture" anyway?
- How would I describe the USA? Americans? Myself as an American?
- How comfortable will I be interviewing and talking with people from my host culture?
- While in the host countries...
- What are my initial reactions?
- Are my reactions different from those of my traveling companion(s)?
- What do I like the most about this culture? The least? Why?
- What type of experience do I feel engages me most? Isolates me most?
- What interaction of the past week was the most confusing? Most stressful?
- How effectively did I deal with these confusing and stressful situations?
- Who was most helpful to me this past week? How did that happen?
- What are my most important insights about my cultural adjustment over this past week?
- What am I doing to meet people from the host culture?
- Am I being viewed as an individual, as a female/male, as an American, as a foreigner? How does this make me feel about myself?
- How comfortable do I feel (or felt) when I stretch(ed) out from my comfort zone. How did I deal with it?
- Have the goals I had before leaving changed?
- What can I do here that I cannot do at home? What can't I do here? How do I know these things?
- Upon returning...
- What did I learn about the host culture? About myself?
- How can I apply what I learned to my life back in the USA?
- Who will listen to my stories? Who should I seek out - campus organizations, International Student and Exchange Services - to get more involved in international activities?
- Do I think of the United States any differently now that I have returned? What do I like the most about my home culture? The least?
- What advice would I give to those who are leaving tomorrow for my host culture?
- How did I learn these things?
- Did I experience a reverse cultural shock when I returned to the United States. If not, why not?
Some VERY Practical Suggestions:
- Write daily: You will discover more about what you are experiencing if you write in your journal at the same time in the same place every day. Pick a spot that you are comfortable with -- a desk, chair, nook, cranny, couch, a café. Always try to write exactly 24 hours from the last time you wrote. It doesn't matter is it's at night or in the morning, the consistency is what's important. Transform it into a daily ritual. You'll be surprised how much of a priority your writing will become if you turn it into a habit.
- Turn the daily writing into a ritual. Choose the right book to write in. Buy a book that you can easily carry with you.
- Always write with the same pen, one that feels good to you and that you are actually pleased, with the way it feels and looks on the page. Try different inks; see which one you like best and stick with it. Protect your special book and pen and know where they are at all times.
- Buy and keep a small NOTEBOOK with you all the time in which you can jot down short rough notes during the day. Transcribe and organize them in the evening (or whenever your ritual writing time happens to be.)
- Leave some 1.5 - 2" space on your page in which you later can write annotations or make comments. Leave the opposite page of your writing empty for later amendments (or posting of photos, tickets, mementos - or your drawings and cartoons).
- Pay attention to where you are. Always try to maintain awareness of what's going on around you as you write. Fill your journal with the random sounds and smells of the present. Describe the space you inhabit, over and over, and pay attention to how it changes over time.
- Allow your mind to roam freely through the raw present, the distant past, and the shifting future. Don't deny whatever comes up as you are writing, no matter how silly it seems. You remembered it for some reason. Write it down. Respect the process of awareness wherever it takes you.
- Remember what people say and write it down in your stories. If you can't remember then work at writing what you think you remember people said. But say so!
- Write a little every day without hope and without despair. Isak Dinesen wrote: "Practice it." Don't judge your daily writing as either good or bad. Accept it as we do breathing: sometimes it is quickened, but mostly it merely keeps us alive.
And finally the requirements to get a decent grade for this assignment:
The absolute MINIMUM that has to be covered in the Research Journal [Remember that it is a DAILY exercise]:
- Date and Place
- Describe (only class-related) activities in concise narrative and in the sequence in which they occurred
- what did you do today in your host city (or elsewhere) that is in GENERAL related to you're being there to learn something about a new place
- what did you do regarding your project or paper and what were your reasons for your (non)activity
- what do you think today of your project or paper - what is different from or reaffirms your previously held views
- if applicable: names and details of people you encountered [+ what they said and what you think about it]
- if applicable: details sources you consulted, summary and assessment of texts you read
- If the activity is an interview:
- name(s) of (all!) participant(s)
- A short narrative describing the main points of the interview.
- Duration of the interview
- Analysis/evaluation
- Make judgments about what you have seen or learned.
- Describe what puzzled you in this activity, what might the difficulties be to comprehend this new information.
- What do you think you missed, should have asked, and still would like to know.
- Miscellaneous:
- About yourself, what you observed about yourself and your being in this place, meeting these people, being with your cohort and how all this influences (or not influences) your thinking.
- Ideas you have about how to integrate the newly acquired knowledge or feelings into your future plans. Any idea what you intend to do with all you experience.
- Other observations or events that you find noteworthy: general political events, cultural experiences, chance encounters with people that had an impact on you, etc.
- And finally: whatever you want to remember and share.